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Q1. What is Characteristics of Management?
answer-⬇
1.Management is all pervasive -
2.meaningful activity –
3.Management is a continuous process-
4. Management is a group activity-
5. Management is an intangible for force-
Q2.What is Social responsibility?
answer-⬇
Social responsibilities of management:-
1) Towards customers
To provide best quality goods at reasonable price.
To provide true information about the product.
Not to advertise falsely and cheatingly.
2) Towards employee
To provide fair wages and salary.
To provide good working conditions.
To provide bonus and other facilities.
3) Towards government
Honest payment of tax.
Not to misuse public property.
Follow rules of government.
Q3.What is Nature of management?
answer-⬇
1) Management as science
1. Systematic body of knowledge:
2.Principles based on experiments.
3.Principles have universal validity.
4.Principles establish cause and effect relationship.
Principles of management are based on repeated experiments and observations.
But since management deals with human behavior, outcomes may not always be accurately predicted/replicated.
Principles is not exact so not universal.
They have to be modified according to situations.
Management satisfies some of the features of science but not all.
2) Management as art:
1.Existence of theoretical knowledge.
2. Personalized Application.
3.Based on practice and Creativity.
Managers apply these management theories in their unique manner depending on their practice, imagination, initiative, and Innovation.
Manager applies this acquired knowledge in a personalized and skillful manner in the light of the realities of a given situation giving rise to different styles of management.
All the features of art are present in management and are broadly fulfilled, so we can say that management is an art.
Q4. What are the Functions of Management?
answer-⬇
1. **Planning** - Setting objectives and determining the best course of action.
2. **Organizing** - Arranging resources and tasks to achieve goals.
3. **Staffing** - Hiring and training employees.
4. **Directing** - Leading and motivating employees.
5. **Controlling** - Monitoring performance and making necessary adjustments.
Q5. What are the Different Levels of Management?
answer-⬇
1. **Top Level Management** - Includes CEO, Directors, and Executives.
2. **Middle Level Management** - Includes Department Heads and Managers.
3. **Lower Level Management** - Includes Supervisors and Foremen.
Q6. What are the 14 Principles of Management by Henry Fayol?
answer-⬇
1. **Division of Work** - Specialization increases efficiency.
2. **Authority and Responsibility** - Balance between power and duties.
3. **Discipline** - Following organizational rules and regulations.
4. **Unity of Command** - Each employee should receive orders from only one superior.
5. **Unity of Direction** - One head and one plan for a group of activities.
6. **Subordination of Individual Interest** - Organizational goals over personal interests.
7. **Remuneration** - Fair pay to employees for their work.
8. **Centralization and Decentralization** - Balance of decision-making authority.
9. **Scalar Chain** - Proper chain of command from top to bottom.
10. **Order** - Right place for everything and everyone.
11. **Equity** - Fair treatment to employees.
12. **Stability of Tenure** - Avoid frequent employee turnover.
13. **Initiative** - Encouraging employees to take initiative.
14. **Esprit de Corps** - Promoting team spirit.
Q7. What is Business Environment and Its Characteristics?
answer-⬇
1. **Totality of External Forces** - Various external elements affecting business.
2. **Inter-relatedness** - Different factors like economic, social, and political are connected.
3. **Dynamic Nature** - The business environment keeps changing.
4. **Uncertainty** - Future conditions are unpredictable.
5. **Complexity** - The environment consists of multiple factors influencing decision-making.
Q8. What is the Difference Between Time Study and Motion Study?
answer-⬇
**Time Study:** Analyzing the time taken to complete a specific task.
**Motion Study:** Examining body movements to increase efficiency and reduce fatigue.
Both help in increasing productivity and minimizing wastage of resources.
Q9. What is the Difference Between Cooperation and Coordination?
answer-⬇
**Cooperation** - It is the voluntary effort of individuals to work together for a common goal.
**Coordination** - It is the systematic arrangement of group efforts to achieve harmony in work.
**Key Difference:** Cooperation depends on the willingness of individuals, whereas coordination is managed by the organization.
Q10. What is Social Responsibility?
answer-⬇
1. **Towards Customers** - Providing quality goods at a reasonable price, giving true product information, and avoiding false advertising.
2. **Towards Employees** - Fair wages, good working conditions, bonuses, and other facilities.
3. **Towards Government** - Paying taxes honestly, not misusing public property, and following government rules.
Q11. What is the Difference Between Administration, Organization, and Management?
answer-⬇
**Administration** - Concerned with policy-making and top-level decisions.
**Organization** - The structured setup that defines roles and responsibilities.
**Management** - The process of planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling to achieve objectives.
Q12. What is the Meaning of Technological Environment?
answer-⬇
The technological environment refers to the forces related to scientific advancements and innovations that influence business operations.
Example: Automation in manufacturing, digital marketing trends, AI integration, etc.
Q13. Define LPG (Liberalization, Privatization, and Globalization).
answer-⬇
**Liberalization** - Removing restrictions and reducing government control in business.
**Privatization** - Shifting ownership from the public sector to private players.
**Globalization** - Integrating the domestic economy with the global market.
Q14. What is the Process of Planning?
answer-⬇
1. **Setting Objectives** - Defining clear goals.
2. **Developing Premises** - Making assumptions about future conditions.
3. **Identifying Alternatives** - Exploring different ways to achieve goals.
4. **Evaluating Alternatives** - Analyzing risks and benefits.
5. **Selecting the Best Alternative** - Choosing the most feasible option.
6. **Implementing the Plan** - Executing the chosen strategy.
7. **Monitoring and Controlling** - Reviewing and making adjustments as needed.
Q15. What is the Difference Between Delegation of Authority and Decentralization?
answer-⬇
**Delegation of Authority** - The transfer of specific responsibilities from a superior to a subordinate.
**Decentralization** - The systematic delegation of authority to lower levels of management in the organization.
**Key Difference:** Delegation is an individual action, whereas decentralization is a broader organizational policy.
Q16. What is the Importance of Staffing?
answer-⬇
1. **Finding the Right People** - Ensuring qualified candidates fill key roles.
2. **Boosting Efficiency** - Matching employees with jobs that fit their skills.
3. **Supporting Growth** - Hiring and developing future leaders.
4. **Optimizing Human Resources** - Avoiding overstaffing and understaffing.
5. **Enhancing Job Satisfaction** - Creating a motivated workforce through fair compensation and training.
Q17. What is the Difference Between Training and Development?
answer-⬇
**Training** - Aimed at improving specific skills for a particular job.
**Development** - Focuses on the overall growth and future career prospects of an employee.
**Key Difference:** Training is job-specific and short-term, while development is long-term and career-oriented.
Q18. What are the Principles of Effective Communication?
answer-⬇
1. **Clarity** - Message should be simple and easy to understand.
2. **Conciseness** - Avoid unnecessary details.
3. **Feedback** - Ensuring the receiver understands the message correctly.
4. **Active Listening** - Paying full attention to the speaker.
5. **Medium Selection** - Choosing the right method (verbal, written, digital, etc.).
📖 Section D: Literature
Q1. How did Franz's feelings about M. Hamel and school change?
answer-⬇
Franz was now very sad for Mr. Hamel. He forgot all about his cranky behavior.
Now he did not hate school. He made books his friends.
Q2. What had been put up on the bulletin-board?
answer-⬇
It was an order from Berlin that only German was to be taught in the schools of Alsace and Lorraine.
Q3. What changes did the order from Berlin cause in school that day?
answer-⬇
There was complete silence everywhere. Everyone looked sad and serious.
Old people of the village had come to thank Mr. Hamel for his faithful service for 40 years.
Q4. Who is Mukesh in ‘The Lost Spring’? What is his dream?
answer-⬇
Mukesh is the son of a poor bangle maker from Firozabad, where most families are engaged in bangle-making.
He dreams of becoming a motor mechanic and driving a car, despite his poor living conditions.
Q5. Why was Douglas determined to get over his fear of water?
answer-⬇
Douglas found that his fear of water spoiled his joy of fishing, boating, and swimming.
So, he was determined to overcome his fear.
Q6. From where did the peddler get the idea of the world being a rattrap?
answer-⬇
The peddler was thinking about his rattraps while walking.
Suddenly, he got the idea that the whole world was also like a rattrap.
Q7. Why did the servants think Gandhi was another peasant?
answer-⬇
In Patna, Rajkumar Shukla took Gandhi to the house of a lawyer, Rajendra Prasad.
The servants knew Shukla as a poor peasant from Champaran, so they thought Gandhi was also a peasant.
Q8. Why does the poet call the cars 'selfish' in ‘A Roadside Stand’?
answer-⬇
The poet calls the cars ‘selfish’ because the city dwellers driving them show no empathy towards the poor villagers running the roadside stand.
Q9. What does ‘The Third Level’ refer to?
answer-⬇
‘The Third Level’ refers to a fictional subway at Grand Central Station in New York.
It represents an escape from the harsh realities of life.
Q10. Explain the central idea of the poem ‘A Thing of Beauty’.
answer-⬇
The poem conveys that beauty has an eternal and uplifting power.
It provides comfort and helps people endure hardships in life.
Q11. Justify the title of the story ‘The Last Lesson’.
answer-⬇
The chapter is titled ‘The Last Lesson’ because it was Mr. Hamel’s last French lesson in school.
The order from Berlin had banned the teaching of French in Alsace and Lorraine.
Q12. What made the peddler finally change his ways?
answer-⬇
The peddler was treated kindly by Edla, who gave him food and a place to stay.
This kindness transformed him, and he decided to leave his dishonest ways.